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An engine, otherwise known as a motor, is a tool which converts energy into functional mechanical motion. Motors which convert heat energy into motion are called engines. Engines are available in numerous kinds like for instance internal and external combustion. An internal combustion engine normally burns a fuel with air and the resulting hot gases are used for generating power. Steam engines are an illustration of external combustion engines. They utilize heat to generate motion using a separate working fluid.
The electrical motor takes electrical energy and produces mechanical motion through different electromagnetic fields. This is a common kind of motor. Several kinds of motors function through non-combustive chemical reactions, other kinds can utilize springs and function through elastic energy. Pneumatic motors are driven by compressed air. There are other styles based on the application required.
ICEs or Internal combustion engines
Internal combustion occurs when the combustion of the fuel combines together with an oxidizer inside the combustion chamber. In the IC engine, higher temperatures will result in direct force to certain engine components such as the nozzles, pistons, or turbine blades. This force produces functional mechanical energy by means of moving the part over a distance. Typically, an internal combustion engine has intermittent combustion as seen in the popular 2- and 4-stroke piston engines and the Wankel rotating motor. Nearly all rocket engines, jet engines and gas turbines fall into a second class of internal combustion engines referred to as continuous combustion, that takes place on the same previous principal described.
External combustion engines like for instance steam or Sterling engines differ very much from internal combustion engines. External combustion engines, where the energy is delivered to a working fluid like for instance hot water, pressurized water, and liquid sodium or air that are heated in some sort of boiler. The working fluid is not mixed with, comprising or contaminated by combustion products.
The styles of ICEs offered these days come together with many weaknesses and strengths. An internal combustion engine powered by an energy dense fuel would distribute efficient power-to-weight ratio. Even if ICEs have been successful in a lot of stationary applications, their actual strength lies in mobile applications. Internal combustion engines dominate the power supply used for vehicles like for example aircraft, cars, and boats. A few hand-held power equipments utilize either ICE or battery power equipments.
External combustion engines
An external combustion engine is comprised of a heat engine wherein a working fluid, like for example steam in steam engine or gas in a Stirling engine, is heated by combustion of an external source. This combustion takes place through a heat exchanger or via the engine wall. The fluid expands and acts upon the engine mechanism which generates motion. After that, the fluid is cooled, and either compressed and used again or discarded, and cool fluid is pulled in.
Burning fuel with the aid of an oxidizer to supply the heat is referred to as "combustion." External thermal engines can be of similar operation and configuration but utilize a heat supply from sources like for example exothermic, geothermal, solar or nuclear reactions not involving combustion.
Working fluid could be of whatever composition, though gas is the most common working fluid. Every now and then a single-phase liquid is occasionally used. In Organic Rankine Cycle or in the case of the steam engine, the working fluid changes phases between gas and liquid.
