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Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet. The tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is sixteen thousand six hundred forty two kilograms or 39,690 pounds with counter weights of 20 tons. Moreover, two limit switches are utilized in order to ensure the operator does not overload the crane. There is also one more safety feature called a load moment switch to ensure that the driver does not surpass the ton meter load rating. Last of all, the tower crane has a maximum reach of two hundred thirty feet or seventy meters.
Because of their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure will at first have to be brought to the construction location by utilizing a large tractor-trailer rig setup. Next, a mobile crane is used so as to assemble the equipment part of the crane and the jib. These sections are then connected to the mast. After that, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes may be some of the other industrial machines that is used to erect a crane.
When the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height could match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is called a climbing frame or a top climber which fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. Once complete, the slewing unit could detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are used to adjust the slewing unit up an additional 6.1m or twenty feet. Then, the crane operator utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into position another mast section piece.
A "loaded container" by definition is a container other than in the empty or tare condition, in reference to container handling. Unless otherwise confirmed, containers must be treated as loaded. To be able to maintain safety, when securing or handling containers, environmental conditions such as wind should be considered. The term loaded refers to the container's maximum gross weigh rating. To be able to guarantee that the centre of gravity is kept as central and low as possible, the cargo must be equally distributed throughout the container.
Having an equally distributed load it is advantageous to prevent excessive tilting, and lack of vehicle stability, so as to maintain safety. An even cargo helps to prevent unacceptable load concentrations, and unacceptable vehicle axle loading.
With the distribution of load within the container, the eccentricity of the center of gravity varies. It is extremely essential that the designers of handling machinery and containers consider in the engineering process. For example, when 60% of the load by mass is distributed in 50% of the container length measured from one end of the machine, the eccentricity corresponds to 5%.
Make certain that the container is free to be handled and care has to be taken to make sure it is safely attached to the container, in order to make sure that the machine used is right for the load. Particular attention mus be paid to the risk of the container tilting due to the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When lifting any container whose centre of gravity is eccentric or mobile, like a tank container, a bulk container a thermal container with a refrigerating unit or a container with a liquid bulk bag, either clip on or integral, or any container with a hanging cargo, great care has to be taken when raising these.
